Wholesale Electronics Trading Glossary

Working definitions of the terms used in B2B wholesale electronics trading. Each entry covers what the term means in practice, where it's used, and how it shows up in real wholesale deals.

Grade A

Used phone with minor micro-scratches only, fully functional, original parts, no locks.

Grade B

Used phone with visible scratches, minor frame dents, crack-free screen, fully functional.

Grade C

Used phone with significant cosmetic wear (chips, dents); 100 percent functional unless sold with declared faults.

MOQ

Minimum Order Quantity, the smallest number of units a seller will accept on a single order.

IMEI

International Mobile Equipment Identity, the 15-digit serial number on every GSM-compatible handset.

iCloud Lock

Apple Activation Lock, ties an iPhone or iPad to its original owner's Apple ID and cannot be bypassed.

MDM

Mobile Device Management, corporate enrolment that locks a phone to an organisation's management server.

T/T

Telegraphic Transfer, the standard bank wire payment used in wholesale electronics deals.

B/L

Bill of Lading, the shipping document that proves ownership of goods in transit.

PSI

Pre-Shipment Inspection, third-party inspection of goods at the seller's facility before payment release.

NIB

New In Box, factory-sealed retail box, never opened, with all original accessories and security seals intact.

CPO

Certified Pre-Owned, refurbished by the manufacturer or authorised facility with warranty.

GSM / WCDMA / LTE

The three main cellular technology generations: GSM (2G), WCDMA (3G), LTE (4G), determining regional compatibility.

Blacklisted IMEI

An IMEI added to the GSMA global database after being reported lost, stolen, or unpaid.

Carrier Locked

A phone restricted to a specific carrier's SIM card; sold separately from unlocked stock in wholesale.

FCC ID

US Federal Communications Commission identifier printed on every wireless device legally sold or imported into the United States.

CE Marking

European Economic Area conformity marking required on consumer electronics sold or imported into EU/EEA markets.

RoHS

Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive limiting lead, mercury, cadmium and other materials in electronics sold into the EU.

WEEE

EU directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, requiring producers and importers to register and fund collection of end-of-life devices.

eSIM

Embedded SIM, a soldered chip that holds subscriber identity data, replacing or supplementing the removable physical SIM card.

FRP Lock

Factory Reset Protection on Android, anti-theft mechanism that requires the original Google account password after a factory reset.

Samsung Knox

Samsung's mobile security platform including bootloader integrity, secure boot, and enterprise management hooks.

Incoterms

International Commercial Terms published by the ICC defining the responsibilities of buyer and seller for transport, insurance, customs, and risk.

R-SIM / Software Unlock

Hardware or software workaround that allows a carrier-locked phone to accept a different carrier's SIM, typically detectable and risky for wholesale resale.